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Grandpa's biology 
hormone balance, cell regulation, plant evolution... an approach
to biology in which the notions of balance and regulation.
are considered as two sides of the same problem
Modern biology rests on two observations:
1. Every living organism is constituted by cells. Better: it's always initially constituted from a cell which, by successive divisions, gives birth to a multitude of other cells all possessing the same nucleus.This way of envisaging things is called "cellular biology".
2. By burning, every living organism releases carbon dioxid, water vapor, mineral salts and energy. It may thus be considered as the visible result of a multitude of chemical reactions, based on the carbon chemistry. This way of envisaging things is called "molecular biology".
I am happy today introduce you to another approch to the problem. At once molecular and cellular, this approach rests on two techniques our scientists may not have used much off: reflection and good sense. It's name: "Grandpa's biology". Does it prefigure the biology of the future? It's simply what I hope...
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Grandpa's biology represents a global approach to the function of the living organism, which differs from today's concept of biology by the fact that the notions of balance and regulation are considered as two sides of the same problem. It can be condensed as such:
A living organism is in good health (it passes then normally from egg to embryo, from embryo to youth, from youth to adulthood, old age and death) so long as the physiological activity of its cells is normal... It is ill when this same physiological activity changes from the norm. And that for various reasons:
- reasons which are tied to the nature of certain genes, as in the case of genetic diseases,
- reasons which are tied to the nature of certain factors of the environment, as in the case of physiological diseases,
- reasons which are tied to the presence of pathogical organisms (viruses, fungi, bacteria, animals), as in the case of infectious diseases.
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The black arrows indicate reactions of synthesis and degradation requiring intervention of specific enzymes...
White arrows indicate that these are simple reactions of exchange, balance, regulation.
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With Grandpa's biology in effect, all that happens within a living organism is directly affected by a very precise hormonal balance. In the plants, the balance auxins/gibberellins (AUX/GIB). This balance conditions all reactions of synthesis and degradation by controlling the enzyme synthesis. In consequence, it conditions too in the short run the whole cells activity, in the long run the whole plant evolution. And that in function of the changes that occur with regards to the tissues, the age, the physiological state of the plant, with regards too to the environment conditions... A practical example:
Take three perfectly identical plants; in this case, three plants having reached the "4 leaves" stage of life. Treat the first plant with plain water, the second with auxin, the third with gibberellin. Two or three weeks later the following observation can be made:
| - the plant treated with water now has... |
10 leaves |
| - the plant treated with auxin now has... |
12 leaves |
| - the plant treated with gibberellin has... |
14 leaves |
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And you say: This seems perfectly normal, as one would expect plants treated with growth hormones to grow faster than plants treated with plain water. You say: This is perfectly normal, but you know too Grandpa's biology can't be true... Remember: in Grandpa's biology, all activity in a plant's life is affected by the evolution of a natural complex auxins/gibberellins balance. The treatment with auxin changed this balance, as did the treatment with gibberellin. So, if Grandpa's hypothesis is to be taken serious, the results of our experience should necessary correspond to the following results:
| - the plant treated with auxin shoud have... |
12 leaves |
| - the plant treated with water shoud have... |
10 leaves |
| - the plant treated with gibberellin shoud have... |
8 leaves |
or |
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| - the plant treated with auxin shoud have... |
8 leaves |
| - the plant treated with water shoud have... |
10 leaves |
| - the plant treated with gibberellin shoud have... |
12 leaves |
What really happens? If you want to know more, consult the various pages of the site. It's free so long you are interested on a personal basis. If it is professional curiosity, you can contact the site.
Joséphine, 10 february 2002
00 - Grandpa's biology
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Hormone balance, cell regulation, plant evolution... an approach to biology in which the notions of balance and regulation are considered as two sides of the same problem.
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01 - A work of popularization
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A work of popularization concerning general plant biology - a little story of biology experienced from day to day in its human, sociological, cultural and political context.
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02 - Story of modern biology
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A whole of knowledge becomes science insofar it establishes relations between this knowledge... A science becomes exact science insofar as these same relations lead to relations of balance to the narrow sense of the word...
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03 - The point of view of french citizens
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The point of view of french citizens, interviewed privately and within a professional context.
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04 - Some basic concepts to recall
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Some concepts to recall about biology, chemical reactions, cells, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, hormones, sugars/nitrogen ratio.
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05 - The hypothesis of Grandpa
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Balance and regulation, two sides of the same problem? Auxins and gibberellins are thought to act on DNA AT and GC groups, their role being to selectively open the double DNA chains (gene activation) by breaking the H+ bonds which provide stability.
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06 - Hypothesis verification
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How to verify this hypothesis in a particular case chosen at random: existing host-parasite relations between a variety of tomato, a pathogenic fungus and a virus.
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07 - First tests - Fusariosis
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If AG treatments attenuated the visible effects of fusariosis until they disappeared completely, IAA treatments showed an opposite effect in promoting the fusarium attack .
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08 - Plant evolution
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IAA treatments slowed the natural development of leaves and accelerated that of roots... GA treatments had the opposite effect in every case.
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09 - Host/parasite relations
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The plant represents the environment in which fungus and virus develope - an environment which will be affected by the two parasites - an environment which will affect in return the parasites behaviour.
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10 - Action of the fungus on the plant
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Initially, fusariosis slows the natural evolution of the plant... The reverse occurs with diseased plant suddenly ageing later on.
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11 - Action in return of the plant on the fungus
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The behaviour of fusarium in liquid medium vary in function of sugar and nitrogen concentrations - it explains the action of this parasite on the plant.
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12 - Action of the virus on the plant
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The concentration of sugars in the diseased plant increases and nitrogen concentration falls... in other terms, TMV accelerate the natural plant evolution, the plant age..
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13 - Action in return of the plant on the virus
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By growing, virus uses large quantities of nitrogen - N concentration falls in plant-host tissues - the virus don't develope normally: relieved of its protein envelope, it is in a latent condition.
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14 - A plant attacked by both virus and fungus.
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At first, the fusarium tends to delay the plant's general evolution, TMV accelerates it: the host's physiological balance is maintained in a state close to that of the controls... etc
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15 - The scientific debate
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" the baby is cute, the mother a monster and I'm afraid that the ugliness of the one will mask the beauty of the other "... etc.
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16 - The Peter principle
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31 march 1971, the director general of the INRA terminated Grandpa's contract for the reason that the said contract had allowed all work concerning both parties ... In other words: Grandpa had found!
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17 - Conclusion
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What is so disturbing about Granpa's theory? - Did General de Gaulle send an emissary to Stockholm?
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18 - Images
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Hormone balance, cell regulation, cell function, plant evolution, host/parasite relations ..., the biology of grandpa in images .
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19 - Links and contact
Grandpa's biology 
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